{"id":102362,"date":"2026-05-04T20:06:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T17:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=102362"},"modified":"2026-05-04T20:06:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T17:06:04","slug":"in-urma-cu-mii-de-ani-zeii-au-oferit-oamenilor-cerealele-graul-orzul-porumbul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/in-urma-cu-mii-de-ani-zeii-au-oferit-oamenilor-cerealele-graul-orzul-porumbul\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cen urm\u0103 cu mii de ani, zeii au oferit oamenilor cerealele (gr\u00e2ul, orzul, porumbul)?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine:<\/strong> generata de Google Gemini<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen mitologia sumerian\u0103, zeii au dat gr\u00e2u<\/strong> \u015fi orz<\/strong> oamenilor. Ace\u0219tia au transmis oamenilor cuno\u0219tin\u021bele fundamentale ale civiliza\u021biei – inclusiv agricultura, iriga\u021biile \u0219i cre\u0219terea animalelor – astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t oamenii s\u0103 poat\u0103 oferi ofrande zeilor \u0219i s\u0103-i elibereze de munca grea, a\u0219a cum este descris, de exemplu, \u00een mitul „Vitele \u0219i cerealele”<\/em>. Se credea c\u0103 ini\u021bial cerealele (gr\u00e2ul \u0219i orzul) erau disponibile doar zeilor din ceruri, \u00een timp ce oamenii „m\u00e2ncau iarb\u0103 cu gura ca oile \u0219i beau ap\u0103 din \u0219an\u021buri”<\/em>. Textele spun c\u0103 zeul principal „a adus orz din mun\u021bi” \u0219i i-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat pe oameni cum s\u0103-l semene.<\/p>\n

\u00centre timp, conform tradi\u021biilor popoarelor din Mezoamerica (America Central\u0103), zeii (\u00een special Quetzalcoatl<\/strong>) au adus semin\u021be de porumb \u00een saci \u0219i i-au \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat pe oameni cum s\u0103 le cultive \u0219i s\u0103 le irige.<\/p>\n

Precum se observ\u0103, miturile se repet\u0103. \u00cen Mesopotamia – cerealele; \u00een Mezoamerica – porumbul. Conform istoriei oficiale, acum aproximativ 9.000 de ani, primii fermieri din Mezoamerica au \u00eenceput s\u0103 selecteze plante cu muta\u021bii specifice. Adic\u0103, dup\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul perioadei de r\u0103cire abrupt\u0103 (\u224810.800\u20139.600 \u00ee.Hr.). Aceasta este, de asemenea, perioada asociat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia complexului Gobekli Tepe<\/strong> – patria gr\u00e2ului modern.<\/p>\n

\u00cen plus, complexitatea extraordinar\u0103 a culturilor despre care se presupune c\u0103 au fost date oamenilor de c\u0103tre zei – porumbul sau gr\u00e2ul – se repet\u0103. Genomul porumbului este semnificativ mai complex dec\u00e2t cel uman. Este incredibil de complex datorit\u0103 dimensiunii sale enorme (2,3 miliarde de perechi de baze) \u0219i pentru c\u0103 peste 85% din secven\u021ba sa const\u0103 \u00een „gene s\u0103lt\u0103toare” (transpozoni). Mai mult, posed\u0103 o diversitate genetic\u0103 colosal\u0103: dou\u0103 soiuri de porumb pot diferi una de cealalt\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t difer\u0103 un om de un cimpanzeu – cu 20% sau mai mult, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 un nivel uimitor de divergen\u021b\u0103 genetic\u0103 \u00een cadrul unei singure specii.<\/p>\n

Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au calculat c\u0103, chiar \u0219i sub o selec\u021bie strict\u0103 efectuat\u0103 de 1.000 dintre cei mai buni fermieri, probabilitatea transform\u0103rii teosintelui (str\u0103mo\u0219ul s\u0103lbatic al porumbului modern) \u00een porumb \u00een decurs de 100 de genera\u021bii este de doar aproximativ 1-5%. Oamenii ar fi trebuit s\u0103 lucreze cu popula\u021bii de milioane de plante pe o perioad\u0103 de 500-1.000 de ani. \u0218ansa ca o singur\u0103 muta\u021bie necesar\u0103 s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u00eentr-o gen\u0103 este de aproximativ 1 la 100.000 pe genera\u021bie. Acest lucru a fost statistic improbabil, o inginerie str\u0103lucit\u0103 – \u0219i nimic la fel de radical nu a mai fost creat vreodat\u0103 \u00een istoria omenirii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, cea mai mic\u0103 probabilitate (mai mic\u0103 de 0,001%) este atribuit\u0103 ideii c\u0103 oamenii antici ar fi \u00eenceput acest proces. Teosinta este o buruian\u0103 dur\u0103, necomestibil\u0103. De ce s\u0103 petreci zece secole aleg\u00e2nd ceva care va deveni hran\u0103 la doar 20 de genera\u021bii dup\u0103 propriii t\u0103i copii?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen mitologia sumerian\u0103, zeii au dat gr\u00e2u \u015fi orz oamenilor. Ace\u0219tia au transmis oamenilor cuno\u0219tin\u021bele fundamentale ale civiliza\u021biei – inclusiv agricultura, iriga\u021biile \u0219i cre\u0219terea animalelor – astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t oamenii s\u0103 poat\u0103 oferi ofrande zeilor \u0219i s\u0103-i elibereze de munca grea, … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":102363,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[4658,5583,1035,1072,8007,3711,7199,6564,2665,10505,1532,1929,57,8930,6045,5984,4743,4733,1166,4429],"class_list":["post-102362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-agricultura","tag-america-centrala","tag-cereale","tag-cimpanzeu","tag-fermieri","tag-gene","tag-genom","tag-gobekli-tepe","tag-grau","tag-irigatii","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-mesopotamia","tag-oameni","tag-orz","tag-plante","tag-porumb","tag-quetzalcoatl","tag-seminte","tag-sumerieni","tag-zei","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00cen urm\u0103 cu mii de ani, zeii au oferit oamenilor cerealele (gr\u00e2ul, orzul, porumbul)? - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/in-urma-cu-mii-de-ani-zeii-au-oferit-oamenilor-cerealele-graul-orzul-porumbul\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00cen urm\u0103 cu mii de ani, zeii au oferit oamenilor cerealele (gr\u00e2ul, orzul, porumbul)?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen mitologia sumerian\u0103, zeii au dat gr\u00e2u \u015fi orz oamenilor. 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Ace\u0219tia au transmis oamenilor cuno\u0219tin\u021bele fundamentale ale civiliza\u021biei – inclusiv agricultura, iriga\u021biile \u0219i cre\u0219terea animalelor – astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t oamenii s\u0103 poat\u0103 oferi ofrande zeilor \u0219i s\u0103-i elibereze de munca grea, ... 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