{"id":101825,"date":"2026-03-02T18:37:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T16:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=101825"},"modified":"2026-03-02T18:37:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T16:37:10","slug":"civilizatia-veche-de-5-000-de-ani-de-sub-dealurile-iranului-pe-care-nimeni-nu-o-poate-explica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/civilizatia-veche-de-5-000-de-ani-de-sub-dealurile-iranului-pe-care-nimeni-nu-o-poate-explica\/","title":{"rendered":"Civiliza\u021bia veche de 5.000 de ani de sub dealurile Iranului, pe care nimeni nu o poate explica"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine:<\/strong> pixabay.com<\/strong><\/a> (Commons Creative – free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Apele inunda\u021biilor din sud-estul Iranului au scos la iveal\u0103 o civiliza\u021bie din epoca bronzului care rivaliza cu Mesopotamia, cu inscrip\u021bii pe care nimeni nu le-a descifrat nici p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. \u00cen 2001, inunda\u021biile din Valea Halil Rud<\/strong> din Iran au scos la iveal\u0103 ceva ce terenurile agricole din jur ascunseser\u0103 timp de cinci milenii: vase sculptate din clorit, t\u0103bli\u021be de piatr\u0103 \u0219i artefacte din lut cu inscrip\u021bii geometrice care nu se potriveau cu nicio scriere cunoscut\u0103. Jefuitorii de morminte au intervenit \u00eenainte ca arheologii s\u0103 poat\u0103 face acest lucru. P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd Youssof Majidzadeh<\/strong> \u0219i echipa sa de la Universitatea din Teheran au \u00eenceput s\u0103p\u0103turile oficiale la movilele gemene din Konar Sandal<\/strong>, pia\u021ba neagr\u0103 \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiase deja mii de obiecte \u00een colec\u021bii private din \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>\n

Movilele Konar Sandal se afl\u0103 chiar \u00een afara ora\u0219ului modern Kerman Jiroft<\/strong>, la 1.375 de kilometri sud de Teheran. S\u0103p\u0103turile lui Majidzadeh au dezv\u0103luit o citadel\u0103 cu dou\u0103 etaje, cu o baz\u0103 care acoper\u0103 aproape 13,5 hectare, fiind mai mare dec\u00e2t multe centre urbane mesopotamiene contemporane. Meterezele din c\u0103r\u0103mid\u0103 nearse ajungeau la o grosime de 11 metri. Platformele terasate aminteau de arhitectura \u00een trepte a ziguratelor mesopotamiene. Datarea cu radiocarbon plaseaz\u0103 situl \u00eentre anii 2.500 \u0219i 2.200 \u00ee.Hr.<\/p>\n

Cultura material\u0103 era sofisticat\u0103 din punct de vedere tehnic \u0219i distinctiv\u0103 din punct de vedere vizual. Cloritul, o piatr\u0103 dens\u0103, de culoare verde \u00eenchis, abundent\u0103 local \u00een Kerman, se preta la sculptur\u0103 precis\u0103. Artizanii produceau vaze, boluri, figurine \u0219i greut\u0103\u021bi standardizate \u00eempodobite cu reliefuri cu creaturi mitologice – zeit\u0103\u021bi scorpion pe jum\u0103tate umane, vulturi care poart\u0103 oameni spre cer, tauri cu atribute divine. Cercet\u0103torii au recunoscut imediat unele dintre aceste teme: motivul vulturului \u0219i regelui aminte\u0219te de relat\u0103rile sumeriene despre regele Etana<\/strong>, conduc\u0103torul mitic despre care se spune c\u0103 a zburat la cer. Ora\u015ful din Iran a \u00eemprumutat aceste pove\u0219ti din Mesopotamia, a \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it un str\u0103mo\u0219 cultural comun sau a dezvoltat independent mituri paralele?<\/p>\n

Inscrip\u021biile reprezint\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 problema central\u0103. O nou\u0103 inscrip\u021bie descoperit\u0103 este format\u0103 din forme geometrice \u0219i niciun lingvist din \u00eentreaga lume nu a reu\u0219it \u00eenc\u0103 s\u0103 o descifreze. T\u0103bli\u021bele de la Konar Sandal poart\u0103 semne pe care unii cercet\u0103tori le asociaz\u0103 cu proto-elamita – scrierea administrativ\u0103 nedescifrat\u0103 folosit\u0103 pe platoul iranian \u00een jurul anilor 3.100 – 2.900 \u00ee.Hr.\u00a0 \u00centr-un studiu din 2014, publicat \u00een „Iranica Antiqua”<\/em><\/strong>, s-a remarcat faptul c\u0103 t\u0103bli\u021bele geometrice Konar Sandal\u00a0 au o structur\u0103 neobi\u0219nuit\u0103, neav\u00e2nd nicio rela\u0163ie cu vreun sistem de scriere mesopotamian. Simbolurile apar \u00een mai multe situri de pe platoul iranian: Tepe Yahya, Tepe Sialk. Acest lucru sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 Jiroft se afla \u00een cadrul unei culturi alfabetizate timpurii mai largi, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 fie o anomalie izolat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Chestiunea autenticit\u0103\u021bii nu a fost niciodat\u0103 complet rezolvat\u0103. Unii cercet\u0103tori au sugerat c\u0103 o parte din t\u0103bli\u021bele inscrip\u021bionate care circul\u0103 de la jaful ini\u021bial ar putea fi falsuri moderne, o posibilitate care complic\u0103 orice \u00eencercare de datare sau interpretare a scrierii ca un corpus de lucr\u0103ri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apele inunda\u021biilor din sud-estul Iranului au scos la iveal\u0103 o civiliza\u021bie din epoca bronzului care rivaliza cu Mesopotamia, cu inscrip\u021bii pe care nimeni nu le-a descifrat nici p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent. \u00cen 2001, inunda\u021biile din Valea Halil Rud din Iran au … <\/p>\n

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