{"id":100986,"date":"2025-12-11T17:13:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T15:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=100986"},"modified":"2025-12-11T17:13:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T15:13:32","slug":"in-urma-cu-7-000-de-ani-desertul-sahara-era-verde-cine-traia-acolo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/in-urma-cu-7-000-de-ani-desertul-sahara-era-verde-cine-traia-acolo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cen urm\u0103 cu 7.000 de ani, de\u015fertul Sahara era verde. Cine tr\u0103ia acolo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cen urm\u0103 cu aproximativ 7.000 de ani, dou\u0103 femei au fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntate \u00eentr-un ad\u0103post st\u00e2ncos din sud-vestul Libiei de ast\u0103zi (Takarkori). R\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele lor au dezv\u0103luit primele genomuri umane antice recuperate vreodat\u0103 din Sahara central\u0103. Un studiu interna\u021bional constat\u0103 c\u0103 aceste femei au purtat o lung\u0103 \u0219i izolat\u0103 linie genealogic\u0103 nord-african\u0103, acum \u0219tears\u0103 ca grup separat. ADN-ul lor ajut\u0103, de asemenea, la redesenarea h\u0103r\u021bii modului \u00een care oamenii s-au mutat, sau nu, printr-o Sahara mai verde. Lucrarea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 a fost condus\u0103 de Nada Salem<\/strong>, genetician\u0103 la Institutul Max Planck pentru Antropologie Evolu\u021bionist\u0103 (MPIEA) din Germania. Cercet\u0103rile sale se concentreaz\u0103 pe utilizarea ADN-ului antic, material genetic recuperat din organisme de mult moarte, pentru a reconstrui istoria popula\u021biilor din Africa.<\/p>\n

\u00cenregistr\u0103rile arat\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentre aproximativ 14.500 \u0219i 5.000 de ani \u00een urm\u0103, Africa de Nord era mult mai umed\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200bprezent. Cercet\u0103torii numesc aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 Perioada umed\u0103 african\u0103<\/strong>. Acolo, fusese odinioar\u0103 o savan\u0103 luxuriant\u0103, pres\u0103rat\u0103 cu lacuri mici. Ast\u0103zi, aceast\u0103 parte a Saharei este hiperarid\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103, de obicei, c\u0103ldura \u0219i usc\u0103ciunea distrug ADN-ul \u00eenainte ca oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eel poat\u0103 citi. Mumificarea natural\u0103 g\u0103sit\u0103 la Takarkori<\/strong> a p\u0103strat suficient \u021besut intact pentru a extrage genomuri \u00eentregi \u0219i a z\u0103ri o popula\u021bie care altfel ar fi invizibil\u0103. Pe vremea c\u00e2nd aceste femei au tr\u0103it, oamenii din Takarkori cre\u0219teau vite, oi \u0219i capre, \u00een loc s\u0103 se bazeze doar pe v\u00e2nat.<\/p>\n

Majoritatea \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103rilor din ad\u0103post apar\u021bin femeilor, copiilor \u0219i adolescen\u021bilor, ceea ce sugereaz\u0103 o comunitate sedentar\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t un mic grup de oameni c\u0103l\u0103tori. Analiza chimic\u0103 a smal\u021bului dentar, care urm\u0103re\u0219te geologia local\u0103 a apei pe care o beau oamenii, indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 ace\u0219ti indivizi au crescut \u00een apropiere de Takarkori. \u00cen laborator, cercet\u0103torii au pulverizat un dinte \u0219i oasele unui picior, apoi au folosit metode de captare pentru a extrage anumite segmente de ADN uman. Aceste metode vizeaz\u0103 polimorfismele cu un singur nucleotid, modific\u0103ri scurte ale ADN-ului folosite pentru a urm\u0103ri str\u0103mo\u0219ii comuni.<\/p>\n

Analiza genetic\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103 majoritatea str\u0103mo\u0219ilor Takarkori provin dintr-o linie genealogic\u0103 nord-african\u0103 necunoscut\u0103, un grup de oameni care au o istorie mo\u0219tenit\u0103 \u00een comun. Se pare c\u0103 aceast\u0103 ramur\u0103 s-a separat de africanii subsaharieni cam \u00een perioada \u00een care al\u021bi oameni s-au extins din Africa, acum aproximativ 50.000 de ani.<\/p>\n

Analizele genetice arat\u0103 c\u0103 majoritatea non-africanilor poart\u0103 1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2% ADN mo\u0219tenit de la neanderthalieni<\/strong>. Neanderthalienii sunt un grup uman disp\u0103rut din Eurasia, iar femeile Takarkori au 0,15% din aceast\u0103 descenden\u021b\u0103, o propor\u021bie mai mare dec\u00e2t la africanii subsaharieni. Acest model sugereaz\u0103 un flux genetic infiltrat de la grupurile eurasiatice \u00een Africa de Nord, suprapun\u00e2ndu-se pe o familie local\u0103 mult mai veche, f\u0103r\u0103 a o cople\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Sursa:<\/strong> studiul \u015ftiin\u0163ific „Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage” \/ nature.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen urm\u0103 cu aproximativ 7.000 de ani, dou\u0103 femei au fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntate \u00eentr-un ad\u0103post st\u00e2ncos din sud-vestul Libiei de ast\u0103zi (Takarkori). R\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele lor au dezv\u0103luit primele genomuri umane antice recuperate vreodat\u0103 din Sahara central\u0103. Un studiu interna\u021bional constat\u0103 c\u0103 aceste … <\/p>\n

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